Tumors of the eye orbit

Dermoid cyst

Congenital neoplasm. Develops from the epithelial cells located at the subperiosteal bone joints orbit, mostly in the upper-inner quadrant. Symptoms: A local non-inflammatory edema of the century. On palpation there is still determined painless education yellowish color (contains cholesterol crystals). Surgical Treatment - subperiosteal orbitotomiya. Weather favorable.

Cholesteatoma (epidermoid cyst)

Develops in middle-aged people at the top or upper-outer wall of the orbit, which is partially lysed. Here subperiosteal accumulates yellowish mass. The eyeball is displaced medially.Gradually developing exophthalmos. Surgical treatment. Weather favorable.

Cavernous hemangioma

A tumor consisting of dilated vessels surrounded psevdokapsuloy. Usually it is the cavernous type. Symptoms: slow growing exophthalmos, the eyeball is not changed, but the fundus tortuous and dilated veins in the retina. You can detect the presence of folds in the glassy plate choroid (the result of pressure of the tumor on the sclera). In other cases, when the cavernous site is localized at the top of the orbit, developed congestive optic disk or downward its atrophy.Surgical treatment. Localization and tumor size is adjusted with computer tomography.

Glioma of the optic nerve

Usually develops in children. It consists of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and macroglia. Grows slowly. Never fails to germinate the dura mater of the nerve, but its trunk may extend into the cranial cavity. Symptoms: gradually progressive decline in visual acuity, appearance of a painless exophthalmos axial or lateral displacement. At the fundus of the eye develops over time picture of stagnant optic nerve atrophy or his descendants. Diagnosis of the disease set by computer tomography. Treatment of multi-pronged: while preserving the view - radiation therapy, otherwise - surgical. If the tumor does not extend beyond the orbit, it needs to be removed along with the eye. When she enters the channel of the optic nerve, and even more still further intervention plan should be defined neurosurgeon.

Meningioma of the optic nerve

The tumor develops from the arachnoid villi of the nerve. Able to germinate his soft skin and spread to the soft tissue of orbit. It can also penetrate into the cranial cavity. Symptoms: reduced vision, exophthalmos. At the fundus picture of stagnant optic nerve. Diagnosis is difficult even for a CT scan. Treatment of surgical or radiation therapy. Forecast for an unfavorable view.

Neurinoma

The tumor usually comes from the trunks of some nerves - ciliated, supratrochlear and supraorbital passing through the cavity of the eye sockets. It is usually located under the upper orbital wall and the capsule is separated. Symptoms: non-inflammatory swelling of the upper eyelid with the development of partial ptosis, pain in the affected zone. A little later the appearance of axial exophthalmos or lateral displacement of the eyeball. At the fundus edema of the optic disk. For diagnostic purposes, displaying an ultrasound scan of the orbit and computed tomography. Surgical treatment.

Sarcomas

Aggressive tumors, whose source may be any tissue of orbit. At least 25% of malignant tumors considered localization. There are people of different age groups. The greatest danger is rhabdomyosarcoma. Most often it is localized in the upper-inner quadrant of the orbit and affects the upper eyelid levator and upper line of the eye muscles. Symptoms: ptosis, displacement of the eyeball downwards and outwards down a restriction on his mobility. Have quickly developed exophthalmos with congestive expansion episkleralnyh veins. Due to the incomplete closure days in the cornea may appear infiltrates. At the fundus picture of stagnant optic nerve. For diagnosis is necessary to use the results of an ultrasound scan of orbit and computed tomography. Combination Treatment: chemotherapy, after which the external irradiation of orbit.

Lymphoma

The tumor often develops on the background of autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency states and in leukemia. It consists of lymphoid elements, mainly B-cell origin, and plasma cells.Develops in people of different ages. Symptoms: sudden appearance of exophthalmos with noninflammatory edema of the surrounding tissues and sometimes the development of ptosis. In this case, the palpebral fissure is narrowed. Reposition the eyeball is difficult, then impossible.At the fundus of stagnation. Treatment: external irradiation effectively orbit.